一端单面覆铜的铜铝过渡板及其电气性能
胡文军
摘 要
现行铜铝过渡板是由铜板和铝板通过对焊连接，存在耗铜量大、使用性能差及制造工艺复杂等问题。本文将现行产品改为一端单面覆铜(1～2 mm厚)的铜铝过渡板，具有能满足导电要求，克服接头处易断裂的缺陷以及耗铜量仅为现行产品10%～20%(重量)等优点。这种新的电力金具采用平行布置爆炸焊接生产，其电气性能(如接触电阻、温升)符合国标GB 2137—85及GB 2314—85。
关键词： 铜铝过渡板 电力金具 爆炸焊接 电气性能
Copper to Aluminum Adapter Bar Covered One Face with
Copper Coat at One End and Its Electrical Performance
Hu Wenjun
Jianghan Petroleum Institute，Jingzhou 434102
Abstract
Present copper to aluminum adapter bar is manufactured with copper plate bonded on side together with aluminum plate by butt welding，which has disadvantages of great consumption of copper，bad usage performance and complicated technology．This paper changes this product into aluminum plate covered one face with copper coat（1～2 mm thick） at one end so that the demand of conducting electricity can be met，the defect of easily broken joint can be got rid of，and copper consumes as 10～20％ as present by weight．The new kind of fittings，which is manufactured by means of explosive welding with the plates installed horizontally，is tested on electrical performance，such as contact electrical resistance and rise of temperature．The testing results show that it corresponds to the national standards of PRC GB 2137－85 and GB 2314－85．
Key words: Copper to aluminum adapter bar， Fittings， Explosive welding， Electrical performance
发电厂和变电所铜母线与铝母线接续时需用铜铝过渡板。国标GB 2342—85规定，其主要尺寸应符合图1及表1规定，用闪光焊生产。
图1 铜铝过渡板示意
用闪光焊工艺生产铜铝过渡板存在如下缺点：①制造工艺复杂，废品率高。②使用性能差。由于铜与铝的闪光对焊或多或少会在接头中产生一些脆性化合物，使接头弯曲性能下降，使用时常常发生铜铝结合处断裂，造成事故。③铜材消耗量大。我国铜材资源本来比较贫乏，而在传统电力金具中浪费铜材的现象却相当普遍。从表1可以看出，传统的铜铝过渡板中铜的重量占整体重量的比例为：
表1 传统铜铝过渡板规格 mm
| 型号 | 母线规格/mm2 | a | b | l1 | l |
| MG-50×5 |
50×5 |
50 |
5.0 |
50 |
60 |
| MG-63×6.3 | 63×6.3 | 63 | 6.3 | 68 | 85 |
| MG-63×8 | 63×8 | 63 | 8.0 | 68 | 85 |
| MG-63×10 | 63×10 | 63 | 10.0 | 68 | 85 |
| MG-80×6.3 | 80×6.3 | 80 | 6.3 | 85 | 100 |
| MG-80×8 | 80×8 | 80 | 8.0 | 85 | 100 |
| MG-80×10 | 80×10 | 80 | 10.0 | 85 | 100 |
| MG-100×8 | 100×8 | 100 | 8.0 | 105 | 120 |
| MG-100×10 | 100×10 | 100 |
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